lacaf/kr osclkbVl~
¼egkRek xka/kh ij vU; lwphc) osclkbVl~½
egkRek xka/kh ij ;g vf/kÑr bZ&laxzgky; gSA blesa vkWuykbu xka/kh ’kkWi gS ftlesa ubZ fdrkcsa] dSys.Mj] xka/kh vkSj dLrwjck dh Áfrek,a ’kkfey gSA blesa xka/khth dk oa’ko`{k vkSj xka/khth ds lEeku esa fofHkUu ns’kksa }kjk tkjh Mkd fVdVksa dk laxzg Hkh gSA blesa xka/khth dh vkRedFkk ,oa vU; xka/kh iqLrdksa dks vkWuykbu i<+us dh lqfo/kk Hkh gSA
;g egkRek xka/kh ij lcls vPNh osclkbV gS ftlesa xka/khth ij fy[kh xbZ ,oa xk/khth }kjk fy[kh xbZ iqLrdksa dk vkWuykbu egkRek xka/kh cqd LVksj gSA blesa vkWuykbu cSx] Vh&'kVZ] lhMh jkset~] ewfrZ;k¡ rFkk vU; lkexzh;k¡ fcØh ds fy, miyC/k gSA blds vfrfjDr xka/kh lsok QkmaMs'ku ds ckjs esa tkudkjh gS] mlesa f'k{kk] ekuokf/kdkj] eks- d- xka/kh] vfgalk rFkk vU; dk Hkh lekos'k gSA
'kafr vkSj Hkkoh 'kks/k]
fo'o ifjn`'; orZeku fo'ys"k.k] fopkj] LraHk rFkk cgl tks vfgalk] 'kkafr ,oa
ln~Hkko ij dsafnzr ;g osclkbV Vªkalus'kuy QkmaMs'ku }kjk cuk;h x;h gSA
xka/kh VqMs dsoy xka/kh
ij dsafnzr ugha gS cfYd xka/khth dh vkt ds le; esa Áklafxdrk ij Hkh tksj nsrh
gSA ;g ikBdksa dks jpukRed thou ds fy, Ásfjr djrk gSA ;g thou thus dh xka/kh
fopkj/kkjk ;kuh vfgalk] lR;kxzg]Lons'kh] Lojkt rFkk loksXn; dks vkt ds fgalk vk/kkfjr
lekt esa ykxw djus esa gksusokyh eqf'dyksa dh ckr djrk gSA LOkhfM'k rFkk vaxzsth
nksuksa gh Hkk"kkvksa dh bl osclkbV esa vfgalk ,oa vkt dh nqfu;k esa bldh t:jr
ij dbZ ys[k gSA
Nonviolence.org
lokZf/kd Ápfyr ,oa yksdfÁ¸k 'kkafr&osclkbV gSA vfgalk ds n`f"Vdksu ls mÙke
ys[kksa rFkk fo'ys"k.kksa dks ;g osclkbV ladfyr ,oa Ánf'kZr djrk gSA bl lkbV esa
fMlD'ku cksMZ] 'kkafr ,oa vfgalk ls lacaf/kr fofHkUu ys[k rFkk vU; vfgalk&osclkbVksa
ls fyad Hkh gSA
xka/kh n'kZu ij
fdrkcksa vkSj ys[kksa dh ;g lkekU; osclkbV gSA ij blesa xka/khth ij dbZ lkexzh;k¡
miyC/k gSA xka/kh iqLrdsa ;gk¡ ls vkWuykbu [kjhnh tk ldrh gSA
xka/kh ds dk;ksZa dk
LoRokf/kdkjh uothou VªLV ds bl lkbV esa VªLV ds ckjs esa foLr`r tkudkjh] bldh
i`"BHkwfe bR;kfn ds ckjs esa lwpuk,¡ gSA bl VªLV us vaxzsth] xqtjkrh] fgnh
vkSj vU; Hkk"kkvksa esa 800 ls vf/kd iqLrdsa Ádkf'kr dh gSA
lg lkbV vfgalk ds {ks=
esa fd;s tk jgs dk;ksZa dh tkudkjh nsrk gSA o"kZ 2000 esa cukbZ bl osclkbV dk
mn~ns'; leqnk; rFkk thou dks vfgald vkpj.k ls le`) ,oa mUur cukuk gSA bl lkbV ij
vfgald xfrfof/k;ksa ij dbZ ys[k gSa rFkk dk;ZØe dsanzksa dh uohure tkudkjh Hkh
miyC/k gSA
egkRek xka/kh ds ikS=
v:.k xka/kh }kjk fufeZr ;g lkbV vfgalk ij eks- d- xka/kh laLFkku gSA blesa xka/khth
dh vkRedFkk] v:.k xka/kh ds ys[k] egkRek xka/kh dh thouh] muds mioklksa]
mins'kksa] fp=&laxzgky;] vfgalk ij ys[kksa] iwLrd lwph] lh-Mh- rFkk laLFkku dh
vU; lkexzh;k¡ miyC/k gSA
ubZ fnYyh ds jkt?kkV
fLFkr xka/kh laxzgky; dh ;g ifjiw.kZ osclkbV gS ftlesa 26000 fdrkcksa rFkk 600
rLohjksa dk vuwBk laxzg gSA
egkRek xka/kh ds
vfHk;kuksa] vfgalk&'kkafr LFkkiuk] NksVs Lrj ij fodYiksa vkSj lk/kkj.k thou ij
dsafnzr ;g osclkbV xka/kht ds ckjs esa lwpuk lzksr gSA
xkS&j{kk vkSj mldk
i;kZoj.k] vkfFkZd ,oa lkaLÑfrd egRo ij bafM;u lsaVj QkWj lkbafVfQd LVMht us ;g
lkbV cuk;h gSA
xka/kh }kjk rFkk xka/kh
ij fyf[kr fdrkcsa ;gk¡ ls [kjhnh tk ldrh gSaA bl lkbV esa ^iqLrd&leh{kk* dk vyx
oxZ gS tgk¡ ikBd leh{kk Hkst ldrs gSaA
ef.kHkou xka/kh
laxzgky; ,oa iqLrdky;] eqacbZ us ;g lkbV rS;kj dh gS ftl ij xka/khth }kjk fy[ksa
rFkk xka/khth ij fy[ksa cgqr lkjs ys[k gSa ftuls xka/khth] vfgalk] 'kkafr ,oa
fookn&lek/kku ij vf/kd tkudkfj;k¡ feyrh gSaA
http://meadev.nic.in/Gandhi/intro.htm
xka/kh ij o`gr
ÁHkkxksa okys bl lkbV esa vfgalk] lR;] bZ'oj] efgyk,a rFkk loksZn; ij xka/khth }kjk
fy[ks ys[k] xka/khth dh vkokt esa rFkk xka/khth ds fofHkUu mins'kksa dk ohfMvks
Hkh 'kkfey gSaA
bl lkbV esa egkRek xka/kh
vkSj vkpk;Z fouksck Hkkos ds n'kZu ij o/kkZ esa py jgs laLFkkuksa dh tkudkjh
rFkk xka/kh QksVks xSyjh gS
teZuh ds xka/kh
lwpuk dsanz }kjk lapfyr ;g lkbV 1990 esa LFkkfir fd;k x;k gS vkSj f'k{kk rFkk
laLÑfr ds fy, ;g fu%'kqYd miyC/k gSA
http://www.geos.iitb.ac.in/~ayaz/champ.html
bl osclkbV esa
paikj.k ij fo'ks"k ÁHkkx gS tgka ls xka/khth us vfgalk dk Á¸kksx 'kq: fd;k FkkA
;g xka/kh] muds
n`f"Vdksu] ,d QksVks xSyjh] okD;ka'k ds lkFk dfork ÁHkkx okyk ;g [kqclwjr lkbV
gSA ikBd xka/khth ij fy[kh viuh dfork Hkst ldrs gSA
QksFkZ ÝhMe Qksje }kjk
rS;kj fd x;h ^vfgalk* ij ;g ,d egRoiw.kZ osclkbV gS tks varjkZ"Vªh¸k fooknksa dk
vfgald lek/kku dk fodYi Hkh nsrk gSA blesa v|ru Ádkf'kr ys[k Hkh feyrs gSA
Áeks'ku ,aMfjax ihl
uked laLFkk] tks 'kkafr] HkkbZpkjk vkSj yksxksa dks f'kf{kr djds 'kkafr vkSj
lekt esa [kqf'k;k¡ ykus ds fy, yxkrkj dke djrh gS( us ;g lkbV fodflr fd;k gSA
blesa varjk"Vªh; 'kkafr ds {ks= esa fn;s tkusokys xka/kh ihl Ákbt dh Hkh tkudkjh
nsrk gSA
Hkkjr] bldh laLÑfr&R;kSgkjksa]
n'kZuh; LFkkuksa] bfrgkl dh tkudkjh nsusokys bl lkbV esa xka/khth ij ,d ÁHkkx gS
ftlesa mudh thouh] muij ys[k rFkk lanHkksZa dh lwpuk gSA
www.questia.com/popularSearches/mahatma_gandhi.jsp
xka/khth ij iqLRdksa
lfgr vuwBh vkWuykbu iqLrdky;
xka/kh ij lwpukRed
laf{kIr tkudkjh;ksa okys bl lkbV esa rLohjsa] js[kkfp=] iqrfy;k¡, jaxksyh]
iksVªsV] dkVqZu] QksVks fdYV bR;kfn gSA blesa xka/kh ds fopkj] mudk n`f"Vdksu]
dqN Áfl) iqLRdksa ds mnkgj.k Hkh gSA